Propellant explosive



Patented Sept. 27, 1938 UNITED STATES raorELLAN'r nxrnosrvn Henry N. Marsh, Wilmington, Del., assignor to Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Del., a. corporation of Delaware No Drawing.

1936, Serial No. 116,555.

Original application December 18,

Divided and this application February 4, 1938, "Serial No. 188,676

teams.

This invention relates to improved propellant explosives and methods of producing same, and more particularly to improved smokeless powders and methods of producing the same.

Propellant powders have, in the past, had many varied compositions. Many of such propellant powders contain inorganic salts, e. g., barium nitrate, potassium nitrate, etc,, which on combustion'leave in the bore of the gun a coating of hygroscopic, inorganic salts, which cause a severe rusting of the bore of the gun ifnot removed promptly. Even in the case of a smokeless powder which may not contain any inorganic salts, the primer of the cartridge will contain such inorganic salts, and, on firing, these, or their decomposition products, will coat the bore of the gun with a corrosive residue which causes rusting when the gun is left only a short time in a humid atmosphere.

Heretofore many materials have been added to smokeless powder to prevent metal fouling. For example, metallic tin, tin alloys, lead dust, organo-metalllc tin compounds, etc., have been added to smokeless powder for the purpose of forming, with the cupro-nickel metal fouling in the bore, fusible or brittle alloys which would be swept out of the bore by the succeeding projectile, or which could be easily removed by cleaning the bore. Such added substances as the above have no effect whatever on the saline resi bore.

Powdered aluminum and magnesium have heretofore been suggested for addition to smokeless powder for the purpose oi" speeding up the combustion of the smokeless powder. Although not heretofore known, aluminum has the action of preventing the formation of rust in the bore, but also has the effect of creating high breech pressures, with the attendant danger of bursting .the gun, and hence is not suitable for use in the usual smokeless powders.

I have found, much to my surprise that by incorporating into smokeless powder a small proportion of ground glass, calcium sllicide, antimony sulfide, metallic antimony powder, antimony oxide, cadmium carbonate, cadmium oxide, metallic cobalt, or manganese dioxide, or mixtures of any of these, I form, on firing such smokeless powder in a gun, a deposit in the bore of the gun which protects the bore against the rusting effects of the saline residue deposited thereon by the combustion of the smokeless powder or the percussion cap, without attendant danger of 66 bursting the gun due to high breech pressures.

dues left in the bore,'which cause rusting of the The exact chemical process involved in such protective action I have been unable to determine. The aluminum heretofore suggested for increasing the combustion temperature of smokeless powder is not within the scope of this invention, since its use results in dangerous increases in the breech pressure in the gun.

These rust-preventing substances may be incorporated in the smokeless powder, in widely varying amounts, e. g., from about 0.25% to about 2.00% of the weight of the powder, depending upon the nature of the gun, the nature and grain size of the smokeless powder, the nature of the rustpreventer employed, and the amount of oxidizing salts present in the smokeless powder, but in no 15 event will the amount of rust-preventer added be suillcient to detract seriously by its inert characteristics, from the strength of the smokeless powder. I am, therefore, unable to specify limits of the amounts of rust-preventer tobe added to smokeless powders, but I have found that a convenient and effective proportion is about 1% of the weight of the smokeless powder, and that more than 2% offers no appreciable advantage.

As an example of my improved product, I may 25 incorporate by any suitable means during the manufacture of smokeless powder, 1% of antimony sulfide into a powder mix containing 15% nitroglycerin, 0.75% diphenylamine, 1% barium nitrate, and 82.25% nitrocellulose, colloid the mix by the use of suitable nitrocellulose solvents, press through a die, and cut the strings so formed into small grains, dry, and surface coat, if desired, to make the powder progressive-burning.

On firing 50 rounds of the above smokeless powder with non-corrosive primers in a gun and cartridge such as, for example, known as the .22 caliber Hornet, then storing the gun, uncleaned, for 48 hours at 115 F. in an atmosphere of 90% relative humidity, the bore of the gun will re- -main clean and bright, or at most show small spots of rust which are easily removed and leave no pitting. If the same type of powder and gun be fired without the inclusion of the rust-preventing ingredient, and the gun is stored under the same conditions as before, the bore of the gun will be found completely covered with severe rusting extremely difiicult to remove and after removal of the rust the bore of the gun will be found to be severely pitted. In place of antimony sulfide. I have employed 1% of ground glass, calcium sllicide,. metallic antimony, antimony oxide, cadmium carbonate, metallic carmium, cadmium o'xide, metallic cobalt, or manganese dioxide, and found the same desirable results are 55 amount of an alcohol-acetone mixture slant- Mean Maximum pressure pressure Lbs in. Lbs sq. in. Powder A (no rust-preventer) '13. 800 l 46, 400 Powder B (containing antimony oxide) 39, 900 43, 200 Powder (containing manganese dioxide). 36, 600 40, 700 7 Powder D (containing aluminum) 46, 500 61, 200

In the above comparison, powders B, C and!) are smokeless powders of identical compositions except for containing 1% of powdered antimony oxide, 1% powdered manganese dioxide, and 1% powdered aluminum, respectively. Powder A is a comparable smokeless powder containingno rust-preventing agent. In this table it will be noted that both powders B and 0, made in accordance with this invention, gave lower mean pressures and lower maximum pressures than the powder A containing no rust-preventing agent. On the other hand, powder D not made in accordance with this invention, gave both a higher mean pressure and a higher maximum pressure and would tend to be dangerous in use.

Instead of incorporating into smokeless powder my rust-preventers, I may c at the grains of the smokeless powder therewith. For example, I may mix with a charge of smokeless powder a suitable proportion of rust-preventer, and an to thoroughly wet the powder mixture, and roll the resulting mixture in a barrel until the alcohol-acetone mixture has slightly softened the surfaces of the powder grains sufliciently to cause the rust-preventer to adhere to the surface of the powder grains, then evaporate the alcoholacetone mixture from the powder mixture, leaving the powder grains coated with an adherent coating of my rust-preventer.

No particular form of apparatus is necessary for the carrying out of my process of preparing smokeless powder capable of preventing rust formation in the barrel of the gun and it will be understood that my invention is not limited to the above example and description, it being obvious in view of the above description that various adaptations of the invention to various smokeless powders and guns are contemplated as within the scope of this invention.

A This application is a division of my application for United States Letters Patent Serial No. 116,555, filed by me December 18, 1936.

What I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

1. A smokeless powder including from about 0.25% to about 2% of an inorganic, silicon-containing substance selected from the group consisting of ground glass and calcium silicide.

2.'A smokeless powder including from about 0.25% to about 2% of ground glass.

3. A smokeless powder including from about 0.25% to about 2% of calcium silicide. 4'. A smokeless powder having incorporated therein from about 0.25% to about 2% of an inorganic, silicon-containlng substance selected from the group consisting of ground glass and calcium silicide.

5. A smokeless powder coated with from about 0.25% .to about 2% of an inorganic, silicon-containing substance selected from the group conm sisting of ground glass and calcium silicide.

HENRY N. MARSH. 

